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58126 
Journal Article 
Toxicity of perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and methylene chloride to fathead minnows 
Alexander, HC; Mccarty, WM; Bartlett, EA 
1978 
Yes 
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
ISSN: 0007-4861
EISSN: 1432-0800 
SPRINGER VERLAG 
NEW YORK 
20 
1 
344-352 
English 
708925 
WOS:A1978FQ53700009 
Static and flow-through fish toxicity tests were conducted on four chlorinated solvents: perchloroethylene (DOWPER*), trichloroethylene (HI-TRI*), l,l,l-trichloroethane, and methylene chloride to demonstrate the significant difference between the static and flow-through toxicity values with highly volatile compounds. Flow-through tests provide information on toxic effects during continuous exposure of the organism to a constant concentration of a chemical while the static test provides one initial exposure of a nominal concentration. Oxygen is replenished, waste products removed, and fish are fed daily in the flow-through procedure. The static acute fish toxicity test is applicable when the compound is soluble in water and will remain in solution for a specified period of time. Because of the high volatility of the chlorinated solvents studied, the flow-through method was considered the appropriate test system. 
pesticides