Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)


Print Feedback Export to File
603294 
Journal Article 
Continuous esterification for biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate using economical process 
Chongkhong, S; Tongurai, C; Chetpattananondh, P 
2009 
1 
Renewable Energy
ISSN: 0960-1481 
Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] 
34 
4 
1059-1063 
Abstract: An overflow system for continuous esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using an economical process was developed using a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Continuous production compared to batch production at the same condition had higher product purity. The optimum condition for the esterification process was a 8.8:1:0.05 molar ratio of methanol to PFAD to sulfuric acid catalyst, 60min of residence time at 75°C under its own pressure. The free fatty acid (FFA) content in the PFAD was reduced from 93 to less than 1.5%wt by optimum esterification. The esterified product had to be neutralized with 10.24%wt of 3M sodium hydroxide in water solution at a reaction temperature of 80°C for 20min to reduce the residual FFA and glycerides. The components and properties of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) could meet the standard requirements for biodiesel fuel. Eventually the production costs were calculated to disclose its commercialization. [Copyright 2009 Elsevier] Copyright of Renewable Energy: An International Journal is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts) 
BIODIESEL fuels; FATTY acids; PALM oil; ESTERIFICATION; DISTILLATION; SULFURIC acid; CHEMICAL engineering; SODIUM hydroxide 
IRIS
• Methanol (Non-Cancer)
     Search 2012
          ProQuest