US EPA

730076 

Journal Article 

Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of haloacetic acids using microplate-based cytotoxicity test and CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay 

Zhang, SH; Miao, DY; Liu, AL; Zhang, L; Wei, W; Xie, H; Lu, WQ 

2010 

1 

Mutation Research: Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
ISSN: 1383-5718
EISSN: 1879-3592 

703 

2 

174-179 

English 

20801231 

10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.08.014 

WOS:000285865400014 

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are the second most prevalent class of disinfection byproducts found in drinking water. The implications of HAAs presence in drinking water are a public health concern due to their potential mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of six common HAAs using a microplate-based cytotoxicity test and a hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) gene mutation assay in Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells. We found that their chronic cytotoxicities (72h exposure) to CHO-K1 cells varied, and we ranked their levels of toxicity in the following descending order: iodoacetic acid (IA)>bromoacetic acid (BA)>dibromoacetic acid (DBA)>chloroacetic acid (CA)>dichloroacetic acid (DCA)>trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The toxicity of IA is 1040-fold of that of TCA. All HAAs except TCA were shown to be mutagenic to CHO-K1 cells in the HGPRT gene mutation assay. The mutagenic potency was compared and ranked as follows: IA>DBA>BA>CA>DCA>TCA. There was a statistically significant correlation between cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the HAAs in CHO-K1 cells. The microplate-based cytotoxicity assay and HGPRT gene mutation assay were suitable methods to monitor the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of HAAs, particularly for comparing the toxic intensities quantitatively. 

Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Haloacetic acids; HGPRT assay; CHO-K1 cells