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HERO ID
844194
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Chemical Speciation of Vanadium in Particulate Matter Emitted from Diesel Vehicles and Urban Atmospheric Aerosols
Author(s)
Shafer, MM; Toner, BM; Overdier, JT; Schauer, JJ; Fakra, SC; Hu, S; Herner, JD; Ayala, A
Year
2012
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Environmental Science & Technology
ISSN:
0013-936X
EISSN:
1520-5851
Volume
46
Issue
1
Page Numbers
189-195
Language
English
PMID
22050708
DOI
10.1021/es200463c
Web of Science Id
WOS:000298762900027
Abstract
We report on the development and application of an integrated set of analytical tools that enable accurate measurement of total, extractable, and, importantly, the oxidation state of vanadium in sub-milligram masses of environmental aerosols and solids. Through rigorous control of blanks, application of magnetic-sector-ICPMS, and miniaturization of the extraction/separation methods we have substantially improved upon published quantification limits. The study focused on the application of these methods to particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel vehicles, both in baseline configuration without after-treatment and also equipped with advanced PM and NO(x) emission controls. Particle size-resolved vanadium speciation data were obtained from dynamometer samples containing total vanadium pools of only 0.2-2 ng and provide some of the first measurements of the oxidation state of vanadium in diesel vehicle PM emissions. The emission rates and the measured fraction of V(V) in PM from diesel engines running without exhaust after-treatment were both low (2-3 ng/mile and 13-16%, respectively). The V(IV) species was measured as the dominant vanadium species in diesel PM emissions. A significantly greater fraction of V(V) (76%) was measured in PM from the engine fitted with a prototype vanadium-based selective catalytic reductors (V-SCR) retrofit. The emission rate of V(V) determined for the V-SCR equipped vehicle (103 ng/mile) was 40-fold greater than that from the baseline vehicle. A clear contrast between the PM size-distributions of V(V) and V(IV) emissions was apparent, with the V(V) distribution characterized by a major single mode in the ultrafine (<0.25 μm) size range and the V(IV) size distribution either flat or with a small maxima in the accumulation mode (0.5-2 μm). The V(V) content of the V-SCR PM (6.6 μg/g) was 400-fold greater than that in PM from baseline (0.016 μg/g) vehicles, and among the highest of all environmental samples examined. Synchrotron based V 1s XANES spectroscopy of vanadium-containing fine-particle PM from the V-SCR identified V(2)O(5) as the dominant vanadium species.
Tags
•
Vanadium Compounds - Problem Formulation
Items Screened
Literature Search: Jan 2010 - Mar 2019
PubMed
WoS
Combined data set
Excluded by SWIFT Review screen
•
Vanadium Inhalation
Literature Search: Jan 2010 – Mar 2019
PubMed
WoS
Combined Dataset
Excluded by SWIFT Review screen
Dataset for title/abstract screening
Supplemental (TIAB)
Supplemental material
Exposure characteristics
Mixture studies
Cited in IAP
Cited in Protocol
•
Vanadium Pentoxide (Draft, 2011)
•
PM Provisional Assessment (2012 Project Page)
Experimental Studies
PM Components and Sources
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