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HERO ID
989073
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Sub-lethal ammonia toxicity in largemouth bass
Author(s)
Suski, CD; Kieffer, JD; Killen, SS; Tufts, BL
Year
2007
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular and Integrative Physiology
ISSN:
1095-6433
EISSN:
1531-4332
Volume
146
Issue
3
Page Numbers
381-389
Language
English
PMID
17258484
DOI
10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.005
Abstract
Guidelines for ammonia toxicity in fish are often determined using static exposure tests with immature fish over a 96-h period. These results may not be relevant to aquaculture, hauling or angling tournament scenarios where mature fish can be exposed to ammonia for shorter durations, often following additional stressors such as handling. The current study sought to quantify (1) the impact of ambient ammonia on the ability of largemouth bass to recover from exercise, (2) the behavioural response of largemouth bass to elevated ambient ammonia and (3) the concentration of ammonia that can accumulate in a live-release vessel at an angling tournament. After approximately 3 h, total ammonia (T(amm)) concentrations in a live-release vessel at an angling tournament were almost 200 muM. Exposure of fish to 1000 microM T(amm) (a value approximately 80% below the criteria maximum concentration for largemouth bass) caused significant reductions in ventilation rates, and increases in erratic swimming and irregular ventilation. Exposure to 100 microM T(amm) impaired the ability of largemouth bass to recover from exercise relative to fish recovering in fresh water. Therefore, sub-lethal ambient ammonia concentrations cause physiological disturbances that can impair the recovery of largemouth bass from exercise.
Tags
IRIS
•
Ammonia
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