Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)


ISA-NOx (2016)

Show Project Details Hide Project Details
8,431 References Were Found:
Archival Material
Archival Material

2008 National Emissions Inventory data and documentation

Author: U.S. EPA (2020) Available online at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2008inventory.html. (Feb 5, 2011). [Website] HERO ID: 684241

Legal Material
Legal Material

Definitions

Author: U.S. EPA (2020) HERO ID: 90976

The "refereed" or "peer review" status of a journal comes from the Ulrichsweb Global Serials Directory (http://ulrichsweb.serialssolutions.com/), as supplied by the publisher. The term refers to the system of critical evaluation of manuscripts/articles by professional colleagues or peers. The content of refereed publications is sanctioned, vetted, or otherwise approved by a peer-review or editorial board. The peer-review and evaluation system is utilized to protect, maintain, and raise the quality of scholarly material published in serials. Publications subject to the referee process are assumed, then, to contain higher quality content than those that are not.
Peer Reviewed Journal Article

Understanding how roadside concentrations of NOx are influenced by the background levels, traffic density, and meteorological conditions using Boosted Regression Trees

Authors: Sayegh, A; Tate, JE; Ropkins, K (2016) Atmospheric Environment 127:163-175. HERO ID: 3102076

[Less] Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) is a major component of photochemical smog and its constituents are considered . . . [More] Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) is a major component of photochemical smog and its constituents are considered principal traffic-related pollutants affecting human health. This study investigates the influence of background concentrations of NOx traffic density, and prevailing meteorological conditions on roadside concentrations of NOx at UK urban, open motorway, and motorway tunnel sites using the statistical approach Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). BRT models have been fitted using hourly concentration, traffic, and meteorological data for each site. The models predict, rank, and visualise the relationship between model variables and roadside NOx concentrations. A strong relationship between roadside NOx and monitored local background concentrations is demonstrated. Relationships between roadside NOx and other model variables have been shown to be strongly influenced by the quality and resolution of background concentrations of NOx, i.e. if it were based on monitored data or modelled prediction. The paper proposes a direct method of using site-specific fundamental diagrams for splitting traffic data into four traffic states: free-flow, busy-flow, congested, and severely congested. Using BRT models, the density of traffic (vehicles per kilometre) was observed to have a proportional influence on the concentrations of roadside NOx, with different fitted regression line slopes for the different traffic states. When other influences are conditioned out, the relationship between roadside concentrations and ambient air temperature suggests NOx concentrations reach a minimum at around 22 degrees C with high concentrations at low ambient air temperatures which could be associated to restricted atmospheric dispersion and/or to changes in road traffic exhaust emission characteristics at low ambient air temperatures. This paper uses BRT models to study how different critical factors, and their relative importance, influence the variation of roadside NOx concentrations. The paper highlights the importance of either setting up local background continuous monitors or improving the quality and resolution of modelled UK background maps and the need to further investigate the influence of ambient air temperature on NOx emissions and roadside NOx concentrations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Technical Report
Technical Report

Integrated science assessment (ISA) for oxides of nitrogen: Health criteria (Final report, Jan 2016)

Author: U.S. EPA (2016) (EPA/600/R-15/068). Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [EPA Report] HERO ID: 6553457

[Less] This final report provides the U.S. EPA’s evaluation and synthesis of the most policy-relevant science . . . [More] This final report provides the U.S. EPA’s evaluation and synthesis of the most policy-relevant science related to the health effects of gaseous oxides of nitrogen. It provides a critical part of the scientific foundation for the U.S. EPA’s decision regarding the adequacy of the current primary (health-based) national ambient air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide.

Oxides of nitrogen are one of six principal (or criteria) pollutants for which the U.S. EPA has established national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). For gaseous oxides of nitrogen, the NAAQS are specified in terms of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The Clean Air Act requires the U.S. EPA to periodically review the scientific basis for these standards by preparing an ISA. These reviews play a significant role in the U.S. EPA’s commitment to ensuring a clean and healthy environment for the public. The Clear Air Scientific Advisory Committee, an independent panel of scientific experts mandated by Section 109(d) of the Clean Air Act, is charged with independent scientific review of the U.S. EPA’s air quality criteria.

This report is part of the Agency’s periodic review of the primary (health-based) NAAQS for NO2. Overall, findings integrated from previous and recent studies strengthen the conclusions from the previous NAAQS review, which was completed in 2010. The cumulative body of evidence indicates that short-term exposure to NO2 can cause respiratory effects, in particular, effects related to asthma exacerbation. Recent results also strengthen the evidence that the respiratory effects of short-term NO2 exposure are independent of the effects of many other traffic-related pollutants. There is now stronger evidence for a relationship between long-term exposure to NO2 and respiratory effects, particularly the development of asthma in children. Results suggest that short-term exposure to NO2 may be associated with cardiovascular effects and premature mortality and that long-term exposure may be associated with cardiovascular effects, diabetes, poorer birth outcomes, premature mortality, and cancer; however, it is uncertain whether NO2 exposure has an effect on these health outcomes that is independent from the effects of other traffic-related pollutants.
Technical Report
Technical Report

Supplemental Figure S5-3. Results of single-pollutant and copollutants models of short-term exposure to NO2 with CO and without CO and CVD HA

Author: U.S. EPA (2015) HERO ID: 2525882

Technical Report
Technical Report

Supplemental Figure S5-4 Results of single-pollutant and copollutants models of short-term exposure to NO2 or NOX with and without O3 and hospital admissions CVD

Author: U.S. EPA (2015) HERO ID: 2525883

Technical Report
Technical Report

Supplemental Table S5-2. Identification of airway responsiveness data in papers

Author: U.S. EPA (2015) HERO ID: 2525886

Technical Report
Technical Report

Supplemental Table S5-3. Studies of short-term exposure to oxides of nitrogen and respiratory hospital admissions and ED visits

Author: U.S. EPA (2015) [EPA Report] HERO ID: 2525887

Technical Report
Technical Report

Supplemental Table S5-4. Studies of short-term exposure to oxides of nitrogen and mortality

Author: U.S. EPA (2015) HERO ID: 2525888

Technical Report
Technical Report

Review of the primary national ambient air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide: Risk and exposure assessment planning document

Author: U.S. EPA (2015) (EPA-452/D-15-001). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. [EPA Report] HERO ID: 2849969