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HERO ID
1037882
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Determination of aflatoxins in by-products of industrial processing of cocoa beans
Author(s)
Copetti, MV; Iamanaka, BT; Pereira, JL; Lemes, DP; Nakano, F; Taniwaki, MH
Year
2012
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment
ISSN:
1944-0049
EISSN:
1944-0057
Volume
29
Issue
6
Page Numbers
972-978
Language
English
PMID
22394229
DOI
10.1080/19440049.2012.660657
Abstract
This study has examined the occurrence of aflatoxins in 168 samples of different fractions obtained during the processing of cocoa in manufacturing plants (shell, nibs, mass, butter, cake and powder) using an optimised methodology for cocoa by-products. The method validation was based on selectivity, linearity, limit of detection and recovery. The method was shown to be adequate for use in quantifying the contamination of cocoa by aflatoxins B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2). Furthermore, the method was easier to use than other methods available in the literature. For aflatoxin extraction from cocoa samples, a methanol-water solution was used, and then immunoaffinity columns were employed for clean-up before the determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. A survey demonstrated a widespread occurrence of aflatoxins in cocoa by-products, although in general the levels of aflatoxins present in the fractions from industrial processing of cocoa were low. A maximum aflatoxin contamination of 13.3 ng g(-1) was found in a nib sample. The lowest contamination levels were found in cocoa butter. Continued monitoring of aflatoxins in cocoa by-products is nevertheless necessary because these toxins have a high toxicity to humans and cocoa is widely consumed by children through cocoa-containing products, like candies.
Keywords
chocolate; mycotoxin; aflatoxin; cocoa processing; methodology; validation
Tags
IRIS
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Methanol (Non-Cancer)
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WOS
ProQuest
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