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HERO ID
1057212
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
In vitro immunotoxic and genotoxic activities of particles emitted from two different small-scale wood combustion appliances
Author(s)
Tapanainen, M; Jalava, PI; Mäki-Paakkanen, J; Hakulinen, P; Happo, MS; Lamberg, H; Ruusunen, J; Tissari, J; Nuutinen, K; Yli-Pirilä, P; Hillamo, R; Salonen, RO; Jokiniemi, J; Hirvonen, MR
Year
2011
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Atmospheric Environment
ISSN:
1352-2310
EISSN:
1873-2844
Volume
45
Issue
40
Page Numbers
7546-7554
Language
English
DOI
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.065
Web of Science Id
WOS:000298513400003
URL
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1352231011003360
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Abstract
Residential wood combustion appliances emit large quantities of fine particles which are suspected to cause a substantial health burden worldwide. Wood combustion particles contain several potential health-damaging metals and carbon compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which may determine the toxic properties of the emitted particles. The aim of the present study was to characterize in vitro immunotoxicological and chemical properties of PM(1) (D(p) <= 1 mu m) emitted from a pellet boiler and a conventional masonry heater. Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were exposed for 24 h to different doses of the emission particles. Cytotoxicity, production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and the chemokine MIP-2, apoptosis and phases of the cell cycle as well as genotoxic activity were measured after the exposure. The type of wood combustion appliance had a significant effect on emissions and chemical composition of the particles. All the studied PM(1) samples induced cytotoxic, genotoxic and inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner. The particles emitted from the conventional masonry heater were 3-fold more potent inducers of programmed cell death and DNA damage than those emitted from the pellet boiler. Furthermore, the particulate samples that induced extensive DNA damage contained also large amounts of PAH compounds. Instead, significant differences between the studied appliances were not detected in measurements of inflammatory mediators, although the chemical composition of the combustion particles differed considerably from each other. In conclusion, the present results show that appliances representing different combustion technology have remarkable effects on physicochemical and associated toxicological and properties of wood combustion particles. The present data indicate that the particles emitted from incomplete combustion are toxicologically more potent than those emitted from more complete combustion processes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords
Small-scale wood combustion; Particulate matter; Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Inflammation; Chemical composition
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PM Provisional Assessment (2012 Project Page)
Experimental Studies
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MSA-Multipollutant Exposure Metric Review
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