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HERO ID
1457933
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in smokers in the united states: NHANES 2007-2008
Author(s)
Xia, Y; Bernert, JT; Jain, RamB; Ashley, DL; Pirkle, JL
Year
2011
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Biomarkers
ISSN:
1354-750X
EISSN:
1366-5804
Volume
16
Issue
2
Page Numbers
112-119
Language
English
PMID
21114376
DOI
10.3109/1354750X.2010.533288
Web of Science Id
WOS:000287452000003
Abstract
The tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), has been measured in urine samples from all participants aged 6 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Participants with a serum cotinine concentration of ≥ 10 ng/mL were identified as tobacco users, primarily cigarette smokers. Regression models were developed to calculate geometric mean NNAL concentrations adjusted for serum cotinine, urinary creatinine, cigarettes per day, and Federal Trade Commission tar values of the cigarettes smoked. Significant differences were found by gender (p=0.003) and race/ethnicity (p=0.022 for non-Hispanic white versus non-Hispanic black smokers), but not by menthol type of the cigarettes. Females and non-Hispanic white smokers had the highest adjusted means for urinary NNAL (353 and 336 pg/mL, respectively). The results from this study demonstrated significant relationships between NNAL concentrations and serum cotinine (p<0.001) and urine creatinine (p<0.001). The joint effect of linear and quadratic terms for number of cigarettes smoked per day was also statistically significant (p=0.001). In addition to addressing current NNK exposure levels, these results will form a baseline for future estimates of tobacco users' exposure to this carcinogen.
Keywords
NNAL; NNK; 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; TSNA; NHANES; smoking; tobacco
Tags
IRIS
•
n-Butanol
Database searches
WOS
Source – January 2013 (private)
WOS - 1/2013
Merged reference set - 1/2013
Excluded (not pertinent)
Not chemical specific
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