US EPA

2166682 

Book/Book Chapter 

Atmospheric particle size distributions and dry deposition measured around Lake Michigan 

Holsen, TM; Zhu, XN; Khalili, NR; Lin, JJ; Lestari, P; Lu, CS; Noll, KE 

1997 

SETAC Press 

Pensacola, FL 

Atmospheric deposition of contaminants to the great lakes and coastal waters 

35-50 

English 

WOS:000072818300003 

Numerous mass, elemental, and PCB dry deposition flux measurements were made with a surrogate surface at several locations around Lake Michigan and over the southern portion of the lake since 1989. In general. these measurements have shown that the fluxes in Chicago were significantly higher and more variable than the fluxes measured away from Chicago. In addition, the most northern site (Sleeping Bear Dunes, MI) had consistently lower fluxes than the other locations. Simultaneous atmospheric size distributions measurements (1 to 100 mu m) were also made during some of the time when the fluxes were measured. In general, mass was fairly evenly divided between the fine and coarse particle modes. Anthropogenic elements were associated primarily with the fine particle mode, and crustal elements were associated primarily with the coarse particle mode. Atmospheric concentrations were generally highest in Chicago and lowest in the northern part of the lake. A modeling procedure that used measured atmospheric particle size distributions and modeled deposition velocities was used to calculate the dry deposition flux for comparison to measured fluxes. The average ratio of calculated/measured fluxes for mass, elements, and PCBs varied between 0.2 and 2. In general, fluxes were slightly underestimated probably due to an underestimation of coarse particle deposition velocities. For all of our measurements at all locations, the modeling results indicate that the majority of the flux was due to particles > 6.5 mu m in size. 

Baker, JE 

SETAC technical publications series 

9781880611104 

Session on Atmospheric Deposition of Contaminants to the Great Lakes and Coastal Waters, at the SETAC 15th Meeting 

Denver, CO 

October 30 - November 3, 1994