Technical Report
NPACT Study 4. Mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II Cohort
Thurston, GD; Ito, K; Lall, R; Burnett, RT; Turner, MC; Krewski, D; Shi, Y; Jerrett, M; Gapstur, SM; Diver, WR; Pope, CA III
Health Effects Institute
Research Report 177
National Particle Component Toxicity (NPACT) Initiative: Integrated Epidemiologic and Toxicologic Studies of the Health Effects of Particulate Matter Components
Epidemiologic studies conducted over recent decades have shown that long-term exposure to elevated ambient levels of PM2.5* is associated with increased risk of death, especially from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and lung cancer. The earlier analyses of the American Cancer Society’s (ACS) Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort (Pope et al. 1995, 2002, 2004), the largest prospective cohort study, found that mortality from all causes and from cardiopulmonary diseases increased in positive association with the level of ambient PM2.5. However, the components in PM2.5 (e.g., ions, trace metals, organic compounds) and the emission sources of the particles (e.g., coal-fired power plants, residual oil combustion, traffic, soil) that are most closely associated with the increased risk of mortality have yet to be determined.
Health; mortality; Particulate Matter; Research; toxicity
Lippmann, M; Chen, LC; Gordon, T; Ito, K; Thurston, GD