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513645 
Journal Article 
Earth's global Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn cycles 
Rauch, JN; Pacyna, JM 
2009 
Yes 
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
ISSN: 0886-6236
EISSN: 1944-9224 
23 
2 
GB2001 
English 
WOS:000264860800001 
The stocks and flows of the global silver, aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead, and zinc cycles quantify over 98% of the total mass of metal mobilized by human activity at the turn of the 21st century. Iron and aluminum, representing >95% by mass of all metals mined, are for the first time assessed for global anthropogenic emissions to air, water, and land. Anthropogenic activity has significantly perturbed Earth's natural biogeochemical cycles, attested by the "grand nutrient'' cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur and further revealed here by the "anthrobiogeochemical'' cycles of metals. We demonstrate that humans today mobilize about half the metal mass of these global elemental metal cycles. 
atmospheric trace-metals; water treatment-plant; neutron-activation; analysis; municipal sewage sludges; vostok antarctic ice; urban; waste-water; heavy-metals; continental-crust; chemical-composition; element content 
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