US EPA

787209 

Journal Article 

Chlorella vulgaris restores bone marrow cellularity and cytokine production in lead-exposed mice 

Queiroz, MLS; da Rocha, MC; Torello, CO; de Souza Queiroz, J; Bincoletto, C; Morgano, MA; Romano, MR; Paredes-Gamero, EJ; Barbosa, CMV; Calgarotto, AK 

2011 

Yes 

Food and Chemical Toxicology
ISSN: 0278-6915
EISSN: 1873-6351 

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 

OXFORD 

49 

11 

2934-2941 

English 

21820028 

10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.056 

WOS:000296681600027 

Chlorella vulgaris (CV) was examined for its modulating effects on the reduction induced by lead (Pb) on the numbers of marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) (c-Kit(+)Lin(-)), granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (Gr1(+)Mac1(+)) and total bone marrow cellularity. In mice gavage-treated daily with 50mg/kg dose of CV for 10days, concomitant to a continuous offering of 1300ppm lead acetate in drinking water, the treatment with the algae recovered the significantly reduced numbers of these cell populations to control values. As CV may have a myelostimulating effect through the induction of cytokines, we evaluated its modulating effects on the production of IL-1α, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-6. Our results demonstrated that lead significantly impairs the production of IFN-γ, IL-1α and TNF-α and increases the production of IL-10 and IL-6 and that these effects are successfully modulated by the CV treatment. The activity of NK cells, reduced in Pb-exposed animals, was raised to levels higher than those of controls in the exposed group treated with CV. Treatment with the algae also stimulated the production of IFN-γ, IL-1α, TNF-α and NK cells activity in normal mice. In addition, zinc bone concentrations, reduced in lead-exposed mice, were partially, but significantly, reversed by the treatment with CV.