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52982 
Journal Article 
Letter 
Lead-associated intellectual deficit [letter] 
Needleman, HL; Leviton, A; Bellinger, D 
1982 
1 
New England Journal of Medicine
ISSN: 0028-4793
EISSN: 1533-4406 
MASS MEDICAL SOC 
BOSTON 
306 
6 
367 
English 
7054715 
WOS:A1982NA39400017 
To the Editor: In 1979 we reported that children exposed to lead had intellectual, attentional, and behavioral deficits.1 In that study, 39 covariates but not the variable of pica were controlled for. Two questions,2 3 4 which can apply to other investigations of lead, have frequently been raised about our study: (1) Although the 4-point difference in the mean IQ. (intelligence quotient) of the “elevated”-lead and low-lead groups was statistically significant (P = 0.03), was it biologically significant, particularly when the S.D. of IQ tests is 15 points? and (2) Could pica, which was three times more frequent in the elevated-lead group,. © 1982, Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. 
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