Miller, SL; Branoff, S; Lim, Y; Liu, D; Vanloy, MD
Final rept. so PB92-223262 and DE95006717. Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Univ. at Boulder. Sponsored by California State Air Resources Board, Sacramento. Research Div. tudy estimates the contribution of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to the exposure of nonsmoking Californians for 17 'Toxic Air Contaminants' (TACs) known to be emitted from burning tobacco. Two assessment methods were used: (1) measured 24-h personal exposures to selected compounds, such as benzene, were compared for individuals who reported ETS exposure against those who reported no exposure; and (2) activity patterns data of Californians were combined with estimates of ETS concentrations in indoor environments. The first method was applied for nonsmokers (age > or - 7 y) for the mid-to-late 1980's. The second method was separately applied for adults, adolescents, and children for both the mid-to-late 1980's and for the late 1990's. Using emission factor data, ETS contributions to exposure are estimated for these compounds: acetaldehyde, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, benzene, 1,3-butadient, 2-butanone, o-cresol, m,p-cresol, ethyl acrlylate (upper bound, only), ethylbenzene, formaldehyde, n-nitrosodimethylamine, phenol, styrene, toluene, o-xylene.
Tobacco smokes; Environmental exposure; Inhalation; Health hazards; Risk assessment; Toxic substances; Cigarette smoking; Adolescents; Children; Emissions; Indoor air quality; Air pollutants; Human activities; Activity levels; Emission factors; Indoor air pollution; California; Volatile organic compounds; Nonsmokers; Microenvironments