Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons
PESTAB. Renal physiology and pathophysiology are discussed. Specific nephrotoxins, including heavy metals (mercury, chromium), halogenated hydrocarbons, therapeutic agents, and environmental pollutants, [pesticides, herbicides (2,4,5-T and paraquat) TCDD and PCBs] are considered. Organic mercury compounds produce renal damage in both man and animals. Functional toxicity probably results from both vasoconstriction and direct cellular effects. Mitochondrial injury does not play a primary role in the pathogenesis of mercury toxicity. The mitochondrial damage occurs only at about the same time as general disruption of the plasma membrane occurs. A variety of pesticides and herbicides have reached sufficient concentrations in the environment to constitute potential hazards to man and animals. It is suggested that 2,4,5-T may influence renal function. Paraquat produces profound pulmonary damage following acute intoxication; after high doses it causes direct renal damage. Renal damage caused by TCDD and PCBs is also noted.