US EPA

1015757 

Journal Article 

Review 

Epigenetic targets of some toxicologically relevant metals: A review of the literature 

Cheng, TF; Choudhuri, S; Muldoon-Jacobs, K 

2012 

Yes 

Journal of Applied Toxicology
ISSN: 0260-437X
EISSN: 1099-1263 

WILEY 

HOBOKEN 

32 

9 

643-653 

English 

22334439 

10.1002/jat.2717 

WOS:000306805800001 

The term epigenetics was coined in the context of developmental studies, but the meaning of the term has evolved over time. Epigenetic modulators of gene expression are now known to include DNA methylation, chromatin modifications and noncoding RNAs. The observation that epigenetic changes can be transmitted transgenerationally makes the science of epigenetics very relevant to the field of environmental and molecular toxicology. Heavy metals constitute an important class of environmental contaminants that have been known to influence gene expression directly by binding various metal response elements in the target gene promoters. Recent research suggests that metals can also influence gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms; this adds a new twist to the complexity of metal-mediated gene expression. Here, we review recent studies that investigate the epigenetic, gene expression, and biological effects of various inorganic and organic forms of heavy metals, such as cadmium, arsenic, nickel, chromium, methylmercury, lead, copper and organotin compounds. 

gene expression; epigenetics; DNA methylation; histone modification; noncoding RNA; inorganic heavy metals; organic metals