US EPA

4238516 

Journal Article 

Applicability of the direct injection liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric analytical approach to the sub-ngL-1determination of perfluoro-alkyl acids in waste, surface, ground and drinking water samples 

Ciofi, L; Renai, L; Rossini, D; Ancillotti, C; Falai, A; Fibbi, D; Bruzzoniti, MC; Santana-Rodriguez, JJ; Orlandini, S; Del Bubba, M 

2018 

1 

Talanta
ISSN: 0039-9140
EISSN: 1873-3573 

176 

412-421 

English 

28917770 

10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.052 

WOS:000412610100052 

is supplemented by 11350315 : Supplementary material

The applicability of a direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS method for the analysis of several perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in a wide range of water matrices was investigated. The method is based on the direct injection of 100µL of centrifuged water sample, without any other sample treatment. Very good method detection limits (0.014-0.44ngL-1) and excellent intra and inter-day precision (RSD% values in the range 1.8-4.4% and 2.7-5.7%, respectively) were achieved, with a total analysis time of 20min per sample. A high number of samples - i.e. 8 drinking waters (DW), 12 ground waters (GW), 13 surface waters (SW), 8 influents and 11 effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPINand WWTPOUT) were processed and the extent of matrix effect (ME) was calculated, highlighting the strong prevalence of |ME| < 20%. The occurrence of |ME| > 50% was occasionally observed only for perfluorooctanesulphonic and perfluorodecanoic acids. Linear discriminant analysis highlighted the great contribution of the sample origin (i.e. DW, GW, SW, WWTPINand WWTPOUT) to the ME. Partial least square regression (PLS) and leave-one-out cross-validation were performed in order to interpret and predict the signal suppression or enhancement phenomena as a function of physicochemical parameters of water samples (i.e. conductivity, hardness and chemical oxygen demand) and background chromatographic area. The PLS approach resulted only in an approximate screening, due to the low prediction power of the PLS models. However, for most analytes in most samples, the fitted and cross-validated values were such as to correctly distinguish between | ME | higher than 20% or below this limit. PFAAs in the aforementioned water samples were quantified by means of the standard addition method, highlighting their occurrence mainly in WWTP influents and effluents, at concentrations as high as one hundred of µgL-1. 

direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS; perfluoroalkyl acids; drinking water; environmental water; wastewater; matrix effect chemometrics