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13912 
Technical Report 
Daily mortality and fine and ultrafine particles in Erfurt, Germany Part I: role of particle number and particle mass 
Wichmann, HE; Spix, C; Tuch, T; Wolke, G; Peters, A; Heinrich, J; Kreyling, WG; Heyder, J 
2000 
1 
Research Reports (Health Effects Institute)
ISSN: 1041-5505
EISSN: 2688-6855 
Health Effects Institute 
Boston, MA 
98 
5-86; discussion 87-94 
English 
11918089 
Health Effects Inst. Increases in morbidity and mortality have been observed consistently and coherently in association with ambient air pollution. A number of studies on short-term effects have identified ambient particles as a major pollutant in urban air. This study, conducted in Erfurt, Germany, investigated the association of mortality not only with ambient particles but also with gaseous pollutants and indicators of sources. Part I of this study concentrates on particles. Data were collected prospectively over a 3.5-year period from September 1995 to December 1998. Death certificates were obtained from the local authorities and aggregated to daily time series of total counts and counts for subgroups. In addition to standard data for particle mass with diameters