Monographs on the carcinogenicity of the following substances: benzyl chloride, benzal chloride, benzotrichloride, benzoyl chloride, benzene, benzidine, p-benzoquinone dioxime, butyl benzyl phthalate, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, dichlorobenzenes, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Direct Black 38, Direct Blue 6, Direct Brown 95, 2-nitropropane, formaldehyde. For each substance included, sections cover: chemical and physical data; production, use, occurrence, analysis; biological data relevant to carcinogenic risk (animal studies, effects on humans, mutagenicity); summary of data and evaluations; references. Monographs have been updated with new material for some of the substances including benzidine and the benzidine-based dyes.