US EPA

3860097 

Journal Article 

Two-Dimensional Description of Absorption in Humans after Dermal Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds 

Simon, L; Ospina, J 

2017 

Yes 

Chemical Engineering Communications
ISSN: 0098-6445
EISSN: 1563-5201 

204 

6 

698-704 

10.1080/00986445.2017.1306519 

WOS:000404269100007 

A two-dimensional diffusion model was developed to predict the absorption of chemicals in humans following dermal contact. A first-order evaporation rate equation was applied to the skin surface while a perfect-sink boundary condition was imposed at the stratum corneum/viable epidermis interface. Initially, there was a certain amount of the substance present within the stratum corneum at the end of the exposure period. Laplace transform techniques were implemented to solve the governing equations and to derive an expression for the time elapsed before reaching 90% of the final amount of chemical absorbed by the body. This index was 0.43, 2.67, 6.91, and 36.9 h for ethanol, diphenylamine, p-nitroaniline, and benzyl butyl-phthalate, respectively. Simulations show that surface evaporation is important for highly volatile compounds. A large fraction of the amount of poorly volatile compounds, available in the skin after exposure, was absorbed into the bloodstream. 

Diffusion; Drug delivery; Evaporation; Mathematical modeling; Simulation; Transport phenomena