US EPA

1487305 

Journal Article 

Assessment of the acute toxicity of crude oils in soils using earthworms, Microtox and plant 

Dorn, PB; Vipond, TE; Salanitro, JP; Wisniewski, HL 

1998 

Yes 

Chemosphere
ISSN: 0045-6535
EISSN: 1879-1298 

BIOSIS/98/26569 

37 

5 

845-860 

English 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The assessment of soil quality resulting from a chemical or oil spill and/or remediation effort may be obtained by evaluating the toxicity to soil organisms. To enhance our understanding of the soil quality resulting from laboratory and field oil spill remediation, we have assessed three soil toxicity test methods. Heavy, medium and light crude oils (API gravity 16-18, 30 and 53) were spiked into two soils in the laboratory. The earthworm (Eisenia foetida) 14-d lethality assay, the modified Microbics Microtox Solid Phase assay, and the 14-d plant seed germination and growth assays were tested with combinations of crude oils and soils. Earthworms were 1.4 to 14 times more sensitive than Microtox and 1.3 to77 times more sensitive than plants to the oily soils. Light oil in the silty low organic carbon soil was generally the most toxic, while heavy oil in the sandy high organic carbon soil was least toxic. The bioassay techniques were demonstrated to be sensitive indi 

Biochemical Studies-General; Toxicology-Environmental and Industrial Toxicology; Public Health: Environmental Health-Air; Soil Science-Physics and Chemistry (1970- ); Gramineae; Compositae; Oligochaeta