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197322 
Journal Article 
Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero 
Jacobson, JL; Jacobson, SW 
1996 
New England Journal of Medicine
ISSN: 0028-4793
EISSN: 1533-4406 
NIOSH/00236088 
335 
11 
783-789 
English 
is also published as 2189885 Intellectual impairment in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls in utero
Background In utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls, a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, has been linked to adverse effects on neurologic and intellectual function in infants and young children. We assessed whether these effects persist through school age and examined their importance in the acquisition of reading and arithmetic skills.
Methods We tested 212 children, recruited as newborns to overrepresent infants born to women who had eaten Lake Michigan fish contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls. A battery of IQ and achievement tests was administered when the children were 11 years of age. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in maternal serum and milk at delivery were slightly higher than in the general population. A composite measure of prenatal exposure was derived from concentrations in umbilical-cord serum and maternal serum and milk.
Results Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls was associated with lower full-scale and verbal IQ scores after control for potential confounding variables such as socioeconomic status (P = 0.02). The strongest effects related to memory and attention. The most highly exposed children were three times as likely to have low average IQ scores (P<0.001) and twice as likely to be at least two years behind in reading comprehension (P = 0.03). Although larger quantities of polychlorinated biphenyls are transferred by breast-feeding than in utero, there were deficits only in association with transplacental exposure, suggesting that the developing fetal brain is particularly sensitive to these compounds.
Conclusions In utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in concentrations slightly higher than those in the general population can have a long-term impact on intellectual function. 
BIOCHEMISTRY; DIET; IATROGENIC DISEASE; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES/PATHOLOGY; MENTAL DISORDERS/THERAPY; MENTAL DISORDERS/PATHOLOGY; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; FOOD ADDITIVES/POISONING; FOOD ADDITIVES/TOXICITY; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD POISONING; FOOD PRESERVATIVES/POISONING; FOOD PRESERVATIVES/TOXICITY; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS/POISONING; OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; PEDIATRICS; ANIMAL; EMBRYO; FETAL DISEASES; HUMAN; LARVA; EMBRYOLOGY; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; MORPHOGENESIS; HOMINIDAE; Biochemical Studies-General; Nutrition-Pathogenic Diets; Nervous System-Pathology; Psychiatry-Psychopathology; Toxicology-Foods; Toxicology-Environmental and Industrial Toxicology; Developmental Biology-Embryology-Pathological; Developmental Biology-Embryology-Morphogenesis; 39765-80-5; 27304-13-8; 2385-85-5; 1024-57-3; 319-85-7; 118-74-1; 50-29-3 
IRIS
• Formaldehyde [archived]
     Reproductive and Developmental Effects
          Screened
               Title/abstract
                    Not formaldehyde
     Retroactive RIS import
          2015
               FA DevRepro 072115
                    Not FA-Exposure Criteria
                         Not FA-Exposure Criteria
• IRIS Formaldehyde (Inhalation) [Final 2024]
     Literature Indexing
          Other sources and cited references
     Literature Identification
          Reproductive and Developmental Effects
               Excluded
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               PubMed
               WoS
               ToxLine
          Remaining
          LitSearch August 2015
               Pubmed
               Toxline
               WoS
     Cited (Nov 2012)
     Seed References
• PCBs Epi Hazard ID
     Health Effects
          Neurological