This chapter reviewed the hazards associated with exposure to alkylbenzene solvents and various aromatic compounds. Specific topics included the characteristics of solvents, solvent vapor pressure, health hazards, and general toxicity of aromatic and alkylbenzene solvents. Information was provided on production, use and sources, chemical and physical properties, exposure hazards, clinical toxicology and health effects, neurotoxicity, exposure routes, cardiac toxicity, hematotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, absorption, metabolism, excretion, teratogenicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, low level toluene (108883) exposures, and regulatory aspects. Compounds discussed included toluene, xylene (1330207), phenol (108952), styrene (100425), chlorobenzene (108907) ethylbenzene (100414), hydroquinone (123319), 2-naphthol (135193), pyrocatechol (120809), p-tert-butyltoluene (98511), naphthalene (91203), and creosote (8001589). The neurotoxicology of solvent exposure was considered, including the evaluation of solvent associated neurotoxicity, irritancy syndromes of aromatic solvents, dermal penetration of alkylbenzenes and toxicity, and biologic markers of solvent exposure.