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HERO ID
3859033
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Occurrence, removal and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in the process streams of two different wastewater treatment plants in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria
Author(s)
Olujimi, OO; Aroyeun, OA; Akinhanmi, TF; Arowolo, TA
Year
2017
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
ISSN:
0167-6369
EISSN:
1573-2959
Volume
189
Issue
7
Page Numbers
345
Language
English
PMID
28634868
DOI
10.1007/s10661-017-6028-x
Web of Science Id
WOS:000404652900042
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PEs) are one of the environmentally active organic pollutants capable of causing endocrine disruption. The levels of PE congeners were determined in the influent and effluent from Covenant Oxidation Pond (COP) and Ikeja Wastewater Treatment Plant (IWWTP). Standard methods were adopted for determining the physical and chemical parameters of the water samples. The water samples for PE congener's determination were collected, acidified and stored at 4 °C prior to liquid-liquid extraction and analysis by gas chromatograph. The possible health risk associated with the usage of effluent-polluted river water was also investigated. The pH and temperature ranges were within the Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) 2001 guideline limits while the dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were above the limits. The IWWTP performed better at removing PEs at 54% compared to 43.3% on average at COP. The health risk of individual PE congener showed no non-cancer effects (HQ) as the values varied from 5.01E-05 (DAP) to 1.52E-02 (DEHP) for adults and 1.17E-04 (DAP) to 3.76E-03 (DBP) for children at COP, while at IWWTP, it ranged from 8.06E-05 (DIBP) to 1.09E-02 (DEHP) for adults and 5.68E-04 (MMP) to 2.54E-02 (DEHP) for children. Notwithstanding, the usage of effluent-polluted river water by local communities downstream may result in carcinogenic effects due to the cumulative effects of the PE congeners as the values obtained for adults and children for the ingestion and dermal routes for the two waste process streams ranged from 4.67E-06 (IWWTP) to 6.22E-05 (IWWTP) and 2.18E-05 (IWWTP) to 7.18E-05 (COP), respectively.
Keywords
Phthalate esters; Oxidation pond; Wastewater treatment plant; Risk assessment; Lagos; Ogun; Nigeria
Tags
IRIS
•
Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
Database Searches
LitSearch Jan 2017 - July 2017
Pubmed
•
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) Final
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January 2017 Update
July 2017 Update
Web of Science
PubMed
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Secondary Literature
Risk assessments
No Primary Data on Toxic Effects
Chemical treatment/ disposal/remediation
Fate and transport
•
Phthalates – Targeted Search for Epidemiological Studies
Source – all searches
Pubmed
WOS
Excluded
Source - August 2017 Update (Private)
Pubmed
WOS
Source - August 2018 Update
WOS
Level 1 Screen - Title & Abstract
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