US EPA

2850058 

Journal Article 

Perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in Swedish food: The relative importance of direct and indirect dietary exposure 

Gebbink, WA; Glynn, A; Darnerud, PO; Berger, U 

2015 

Yes 

Environmental Pollution
ISSN: 0269-7491
EISSN: 1873-6424 

198 

108-115 

English 

25590128 

10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.022 

WOS:000350191600015 

is supplemented by 11350527 Supporting information:

We analyzed food market basket samples obtained in Sweden from 1999, 2005, and 2010 for perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and a range of precursor compounds. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) precursors were detected in all food year pools with the highest concentrations in 1999. Six polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAPs, 4:2/6:2, 6:2/6:2, 6:2/8:2, 8:2/8:2, 6:2/10:2, and 10:2/10:2) were detected in the year pools with the highest ∑diPAP concentrations in 1999 and 2005. All precursors were predominantly found in meat, fish, and/or eggs based on analysis of individual food groups from 1999. Based on year pools, PFOS precursors contributed between 4 and 1% as an indirect source to total dietary PFOS intakes between 1999 and 2010. Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) exposure originated entirely from diPAPs, whereas for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), diPAPs contributed between 1 and 19% to total exposure. The lowest precursor contributions were generally seen in food samples from 2010. 

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs); Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs); Precursors; Dietary exposure; Temporal changes; PAPs