Jump to main content
US EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Search
Search
Main menu
Environmental Topics
Laws & Regulations
About EPA
Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)
Contact Us
Print
Feedback
Export to File
Search:
This record has multiple attached files:
Add More Files
Attach File(s):
Display Name for File*:
Save
Citation
Tags
HERO ID
809854
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
Assessing exposure to phthalates - The human biomonitoring approach
Author(s)
Wittassek, M; Koch, HM; Angerer, J; Bruning, T
Year
2011
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
ISSN:
1613-4125
EISSN:
1613-4133
Publisher
WILEY
Location
HOBOKEN
Volume
55
Issue
1
Page Numbers
7-31
Language
English
PMID
20564479
DOI
10.1002/mnfr.201000121
Web of Science Id
WOS:000285978000002
URL
http://
://CCC:000285978000002
Exit
Abstract
Some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. Exposure to phthalates is considered to be potentially harmful to human health as well. Based on a comprehensive literature research, we present an overview of the sources of human phthalate exposure and results of exposure assessments with special focus on human biomonitoring data. Among the general population, there is widespread exposure to a number of phthalates. Foodstuff is the major source of phthalate exposure, particularly for the long-chain phthalates such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. For short-chain phthalates such as di-n-butyl-phthalate, additional pathways are of relevance. In general, children are exposed to higher phthalate doses than adults. Especially, high exposures can occur through some medications or medical devices. By comparing exposure data with existing limit values, one can also assess the risks associated with exposure to phthalates. Within the general population, some individuals exceed tolerable daily intake values for one or more phthalates. In high exposure groups, (intensive medical care, medications) tolerable daily intake transgressions can be substantial. Recent findings from animal studies suggest that a cumulative risk assessment for phthalates is warranted, and a cumulative exposure assessment to phthalates via human biomonitoring is a major step into this direction.
Keywords
Biomonitoring; Daily intake; Exposure assessment; Phthalates; Risk assessment
Tags
IRIS
•
BBP (Butyl benzyl phthalate)
Additional Search Strategies
Excluded: No Primary Data on Health Effects
Exposure levels
•
Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
Database Searches
Pubmed
Web of Science
LitSearch Nov 2012
PubMed
WOS
Merged reference set
Secondary Literature
Reviews and Editorials
•
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) Final
Additional Search Strategies
References obtained during assessment process
Secondary Literature
Reviews & editorials
Cited in September 2014 DIBP Preliminary Materials
•
Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP)
Literature Search
LitSearch May 2013
Web of Science
Excluded: No Primary Data on Health Effects
Exposure levels
•
Phthalates – Targeted Search for Epidemiological Studies
Source – all searches
Pubmed
WOS
Toxnet
Excluded
Source – no date limit through June 2013 (Private)
Pubmed
WOS
ToxNet
Home
Learn about HERO
Using HERO
Search HERO
Projects in HERO
Risk Assessment
Transparency & Integrity