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Citation
Tags
HERO ID
3229677
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Supplemental Data
Title
Impact of clothing on dermal exposure to phthalates: Observations and insights from sampling both skin and clothing
Author(s)
Gong, M; Weschler, CJ; Zhang, Y
Year
2016
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Environmental Science & Technology
ISSN:
0013-936X
EISSN:
1520-5851
Publisher
American Chemical Society
Location
Easton
Volume
50
Issue
8
Page Numbers
4350-4357
Language
English
PMID
27007912
DOI
10.1021/acs.est.6b00113
Web of Science Id
WOS:000374707100024
URL
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.est.6b00113
Exit
Abstract
Clothing can either retard or accelerate dermal exposure to phthalates. To investigate the impact of clothing on dermal exposure to six phthalates (DMP/DEP/DiBP/DnBP/BBzP/DEHP) in real environments, two sets of experiments have been conducted: (1) Skin wipes were collected from 11 adults to examine the phthalate levels on both bare-skin (hand/forehead) and clothing-covered body locations (arm/back/calf); (2) Five adults were asked to wear just-washed jeans for 1 day (1(st) experiment), 5 days (2(nd) experiment), and 10 days (3(rd) experiment). Phthalate levels on their legs were measured on selected days during the wearing period, and phthalate levels in the jeans were measured at the end of each experiment and again after washing. Measured phthalate levels on body locations covered by clothing were lower than those on uncovered locations, but still substantial. Dermal uptake would be underestimated by a factor of 2 to 5 if absorption through body locations covered by clothing were neglected. Phthalate levels in the jeans and on the legs increased with the wearing time. However, the levels in the jeans and on the legs were not strongly correlated, indicating that other pathways, e.g, contact with bedding or bedclothes, likely contribute to the levels on the legs. The efficiency with which laundering washing removed phthalates from the jeans increased with decreasing Kow; median values ranged from very low (<5%) for DEHP to very high (∼75%) for DMP.
Keywords
Esters; Laundering; Location; Washing; Dermal exposure; Dermal uptake; Median value; On-body; Phthalates; Real environments; Potassium compounds; di(iso butyl)phthalate; phthalic acid benzyl butyl ester; phthalic acid bis(2 ethylhexyl) ester; phthalic acid derivative; phthalic acid dibutyl ester; phthalic acid diethyl ester; phthalic acid dimethyl ester; skin lipid; unclassified drug; phthalic acid; phthalic acid derivative; pollutant; absorption; adult; biological uptake; experimental study; phthalate; pollution exposure; sampling; skin; adult; arm; Article; back; clothing; concentration (parameters); controlled study; female; forearm; forehead; hand; human; laundry; male; sebum secretion; skin absorption; skin surface; summer; sweating; thermodynamics; thigh; vapor pressure; winter; analysis; chemistry; environmental exposure; leg; pollutant; skin; Adult; Clothing; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Humans; Leg; Male; Phthalic Acids; Skin
Tags
IRIS
•
Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
Database Searches
Litsearch Jan 2016 - July 2016
Pubmed
Excluded: No Primary Data on Health Effects
Exposure levels
•
Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
Database searches
Jun 2016 update
Pubmed
Web of Science
Jan 2017 update
Prior search overlap
Web of Science
Jan 2020 update
PubMed
Web of Science
Excluded: No Primary Data on Health Effects
Exposure levels
•
Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) Final
Database Searches
June 2016 Update
New for this search
Pubmed
January 2017 Update
Web of Science
No Primary Data on Toxic Effects
Exposure levels
•
Phthalates – Targeted Search for Epidemiological Studies
Source – all searches
Pubmed
WOS
Excluded
Source - Jun 2016 Update (Private)
WOS
Source - Dec 2016 Update (Private)
Pubmed
WOS
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