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3859702 
Journal Article 
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in San Francisco Bay wildlife: Temporal trends, exposure pathways, and notable presence of precursor compounds 
Sedlak, MD; Benskin, JP; Wong, A; Grace, R; Greig, DJ 
2017 
Yes 
Chemosphere
ISSN: 0045-6535
EISSN: 1879-1298 
Elsevier Ltd 
OXFORD 
185 
1217-1226 
English 
Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in San Francisco Bay (SF Bay) wildlife have historically been among the highest reported globally. To track continuing exposures to PFASs and assess the impact of the 2002 phase-out of production of PFOS and related chemicals in the US, nine perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs; C4-C12), three perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs; C4, C6, C8) and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA, a PFOS precursor) were measured in SF Bay cormorant eggs in 2012 and harbor seal serum sampled between 2009 and 2014. PFOS remained the dominant perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) in both cormorant eggs (36.1-466 ng/g) and seals (12.6-796 ng/g) from 2012 and 2014, respectively. Concentrations in seal and bird eggs from the South Bay have declined approximately 70% in both matrices. To elucidate potential pathways of exposure, prey fish, sediments and wastewater effluent were analyzed for PFASs, and in the case of sediment and effluent, a suite of PFAA precursors. PFOS was the dominant PFAA in prey fish and sediment. In effluent, different mixtures of PFAAs were measured, with PFOS, PFHxA, and PFOA detected in the highest concentrations. Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (PFCA-precursors) were observed at concentrations over an order of magnitude higher than PFCAs in sediment, highlighting their importance as a potential, on-going source of PFCAs to SF Bay wildlife. These findings suggest that the PFOS phase-out has resulted in reduced burdens to wildlife in SF Bay, but that exposure to diverse and incompletely characterized PFASs continues. 
PFOS; per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs); contaminants of emerging concern; seal; cormorant; San Francisco Bay 
PFAS
• Additional PFAS (formerly XAgency)
• Expanded PFAS SEM (formerly PFAS 430)
     Litsearch: September 2019
          PubMed
          Web of Science
     Not prioritized for screening
     Perfluorooctane
• ^Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
     PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
          Literature Search – Adverse outcome pathway (2015-present)
               Pubmed
     PFHxA (307-24-4)
          Literature Search
               Pubmed
     PFOSA (754-91-6)
          Literature Search
               Pubmed
• PFAS 150
     Literature Search Update December 2020
          PubMed
          WOS
     Literature Search August 2019
          PubMed
          Web of Science
     Perfluorinated compounds
     Perfluorooctane
     Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
     Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
• PFAS Universe
     Data Source
          Web of Science
          Pubmed
     Perfluorohexanoate
     Perfluorohexanoic acid
     Perfluorooctane
     Perfluorooctanesulfonamide
     Perfluorooctanesulfonate
     Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
     Perfluorooctanoate
     Perfluorooctanoic acid
• PFBA
     Protocol References
• PFHxA
     Literature Search
          Pubmed
     LitSearch Update: February 2018
          WoS
     Literature Search
          Pubmed
          WOS
     Scopus: April 2021
     Screening Results
          Excluded/Not on Topic
     Title and Abstract Screening
          Excluded
               Not relevant to PECO
     HAWC
• PFNA
     Litsearch Update 2017-2018
          PFAS Untag
     Literature Search
          Toxline
     PFNA May 2019 Update
          Toxnet
     Title and Abstract Screening
          Excluded
               Not relevant to PECO
• PFOSA
     Literature Search
          Pubmed
     Screening Results
          Excluded/Not on Topic
OW - HHRAB
• PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
     Literature Search – Adverse outcome pathway (2015-present)
          Pubmed
     Screening Results
          Excluded/Not on Topic
     Literature Search Update (2013-2019)
          PubMed
          WOS