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HERO ID
3856458
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
An ultra-sensitive method for the analysis of perfluorinated alkyl acids in drinking water using a column switching high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Author(s)
Dasu, K; Nakayama, SF; Yoshikane, M; Mills, MA; Wright, JM; Ehrlich, S
Year
2017
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Journal of Chromatography A
ISSN:
0021-9673
EISSN:
1873-3778
Volume
1494
Page Numbers
46-54
Language
English
PMID
28336137
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.006
Web of Science Id
WOS:000399512100005
Relationship(s)
is supplemented by
11350316
: Supporting information
Abstract
In epidemiological research, it has become increasingly important to assess subjects' exposure to different classes of chemicals in multiple environmental media. It is a common practice to aliquot limited volumes of samples into smaller quantities for specific trace level chemical analyses. A novel method was developed for the determination of 14 perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) in small volumes (10mL) of drinking water using off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) pre-treatment followed by on-line pre-concentration on a WAX column before analysis on column-switching high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In general, large volumes (100-1000mL) have been used for the analysis of PFAAs in drinking water. The current method requires approximately 10mL of drinking water concentrated by using an SPE cartridge and eluted with methanol. A large volume injection of the extract was introduced on to a column-switching HPLC-MS/MS using a mix-mode SPE column for the trace level analysis of PFAAs in water. The recoveries for most of the analytes in the fortified laboratory blanks ranged from 73±14% to 128±5%. The lowest concentration minimum reporting levels (LCMRL) for the 14 PFAAs ranged from 0.59 to 3.4ng/L. The optimized method was applied to a pilot-scale analysis of a subset of drinking water samples from an epidemiological study. These samples were collected directly from the taps in the households of Ohio and Northern Kentucky, United States and the sources of drinking water samples are both surface water and ground water, and supplied by different water distribution facilities. Only five PFAAs, perfluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoro-1- -hexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA) are detected above the LCMRL values. The median concentrations of these five PFAAs detected in the samples was ≤4.1ng/L with PFOS at 7.6ng/L and PFOA at 10ng/L. Concentrations of perfluoro-1-decanesulfonic acid, PFDS and other perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids were below the LCMRL values.
Keywords
Column-switching HPLC; Drinking water; Perfluorinated alkyl acids; Solid phase extraction
Tags
PFAS
•
Additional PFAS (formerly XAgency)
Literature Search November 2019
PubMed
Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid
•
Expanded PFAS SEM (formerly PFAS 430)
Perfluorodecanesulfonate
Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid
•
^Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
Literature Search – Adverse outcome pathway (2015-present)
Pubmed
WOS
PFBS (375-73-5)
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
PFHpA (375-85-9)
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
PFDS (335-77-3)
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
PFHxS (355-46-4)
Literature search
Pubmed
WOS
•
PFAS 150
Literature Search Update December 2020
PubMed
Literature Search August 2019
PubMed
Screened Studies
Supplemental
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
Perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride
Perfluoroheptanoic acid
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
Perfluorooctanoic acid
Potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate
•
PFBA
Protocol References
•
PFBS
Pubmed
WOS
Excluded/Not on Topic
Search
PubMed
WOS
Excluded
WOS
Scopus: April 2021
•
PFDA
Scopus: April 2021
•
PFDS
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
•
PFHpA
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
Screening Results
Excluded/Not on Topic
•
PFHxS
Database searches
Pubmed
Toxline
WOS
Scopus
Excluded
TiAb
•
PFNA
Litsearch Update 2017-2018
Toxline
Literature Search
Toxline
PFNA May 2019 Update
Toxnet
Title and Abstract Screening
Excluded
Not relevant to PECO
•
PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
Literature Search – Adverse outcome pathway (2015-present)
Pubmed
WOS
Screening Results
Excluded/Not on Topic
Literature Search Update (2013-2019)
PubMed
WOS
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