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3856458 
Journal Article 
An ultra-sensitive method for the analysis of perfluorinated alkyl acids in drinking water using a column switching high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry 
Dasu, K; Nakayama, SF; Yoshikane, M; Mills, MA; Wright, JM; Ehrlich, S 
2017 
Yes 
Journal of Chromatography A
ISSN: 0021-9673
EISSN: 1873-3778 
1494 
46-54 
English 
is supplemented by 11350316 : Supporting information
In epidemiological research, it has become increasingly important to assess subjects' exposure to different classes of chemicals in multiple environmental media. It is a common practice to aliquot limited volumes of samples into smaller quantities for specific trace level chemical analyses. A novel method was developed for the determination of 14 perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) in small volumes (10mL) of drinking water using off-line solid phase extraction (SPE) pre-treatment followed by on-line pre-concentration on a WAX column before analysis on column-switching high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). In general, large volumes (100-1000mL) have been used for the analysis of PFAAs in drinking water. The current method requires approximately 10mL of drinking water concentrated by using an SPE cartridge and eluted with methanol. A large volume injection of the extract was introduced on to a column-switching HPLC-MS/MS using a mix-mode SPE column for the trace level analysis of PFAAs in water. The recoveries for most of the analytes in the fortified laboratory blanks ranged from 73±14% to 128±5%. The lowest concentration minimum reporting levels (LCMRL) for the 14 PFAAs ranged from 0.59 to 3.4ng/L. The optimized method was applied to a pilot-scale analysis of a subset of drinking water samples from an epidemiological study. These samples were collected directly from the taps in the households of Ohio and Northern Kentucky, United States and the sources of drinking water samples are both surface water and ground water, and supplied by different water distribution facilities. Only five PFAAs, perfluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid (PFBS), perfluoro-1- -hexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA) and perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA) are detected above the LCMRL values. The median concentrations of these five PFAAs detected in the samples was ≤4.1ng/L with PFOS at 7.6ng/L and PFOA at 10ng/L. Concentrations of perfluoro-1-decanesulfonic acid, PFDS and other perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids were below the LCMRL values. 
Column-switching HPLC; Drinking water; Perfluorinated alkyl acids; Solid phase extraction 
PFAS
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          PubMed
     Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid
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     Perfluorodecanesulfonate
     Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid
• ^Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
     PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
          Literature Search – Adverse outcome pathway (2015-present)
               Pubmed
               WOS
     PFBS (375-73-5)
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     PFHpA (375-85-9)
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               WOS
     PFDS (335-77-3)
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     PFHxS (355-46-4)
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               WOS
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     Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
     Perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride
     Perfluoroheptanoic acid
     Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
     Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
     Perfluorooctanoic acid
     Potassium perfluorohexanesulfonate
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     Perfluorobutanesulfonate
     Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
     Perfluorodecanesulfonate
     Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid
     Perfluoroheptanoate
     Perfluoroheptanoic acid
     Perfluorohexadecanoic acid
     Perfluorohexanesulfonate
     Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid
     Perfluorooctanesulfonate
     Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
     Perfluorooctanoate
     Sodium perfluorohexanesulfonate
     Perfluorooctanoic acid
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OW - HHRAB
• PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
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          WOS
     Screening Results
          Excluded/Not on Topic
     Literature Search Update (2013-2019)
          PubMed
          WOS