US EPA

1311700 

Journal Article 

Risk assessment of human exposure to bioaccessible phthalate esters via indoor dust around the Pearl River Delta 

Kang, Y; Man, YB; Cheung, KC; Wong, MH 

2012 

1 

Environmental Science & Technology
ISSN: 0013-936X
EISSN: 1520-5851 

46 

15 

8422-8430 

English 

22794303 

10.1021/es300379v 

WOS:000307199800065 

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864716341&doi=10.1021%2fes300379v&partnerID=40&md5=e1e15aff596e2fd9056f1e46b2ac3565
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uses data from 674952 Phthalates in indoor dust and their association with building characteristics
uses data from 787837 Semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments
uses data from 787930 Phthalate metabolites in urine from China, and implications for human exposures
uses data from 1007791 Phthalate and PAH concentrations in dust collected from Danish homes and daycare centers

There is limited information on the bioaccessible fractions of phthalate esters in indoor dust in order to estimate human exposure. In the present study, workplace dust and settled house dust samples from Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, the three major cities scattered around the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were collected. Chemical analyses showed that the phthalates in workplace dust ranged from 144 to 1810 μg/g, with dust from shopping malls containing the highest level, and in home dust ranged from 181 to 9240 μg/g. The most abundant phthalate ester found was bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in both workplace dust and home dust, followed by di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP). Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated that indoor dust around PRD showed similar phthalate esters patterns of composition. A significant correlation was observed between total phthalate esters concentrations in home dust and the number of year of house construction (p < 0.05). The oral bioaccessibility of phthalate esters in indoor dust ranged from 10.2% (DEHP) to 32% (DMP). Risk assessment indicated that the dominant exposure routes varied in different phthalate esters exposure profiles and the dermal contact exposure pathway was identified as an important route for indoor DEHP exposure. 

Bioaccessibility; Dermal contacts; Di-n-butyl phthalate; Exposure pathways; Guangzhou; Hong-kong; House construction; House dust; Human exposures; Indoor dust; Limited information; Major cities; Pearl River delta; Phthalate ester; Phthalates; Principal components analysis; Chemical analysis; Dust; Esterification; Potassium compounds; Principal component analysis; Risk assessment; Shopping centers; Esters; di iso butyl phthalate; phthalic acid bis(2 ethylhexyl) ester; phthalic acid dibutyl ester; phthalic acid ester; unclassified drug; air sampling; atmospheric pollution; correlation; dust; indoor air; phthalate; pollution exposure; principal component analysis; risk assessment; workplace; air conditioning; air pollution; air sampling; article; chemical analysis; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); correlation analysis; dust; environmental exposure; environmental impact assessment; house dust; indoor air pollution; mass fragmentography; principal component analysis; risk assessment; river; workplace; Air Pollution, Indoor; Dust; Esters; Humans; Phthalic Acids; Risk Assessment; China; Guangdong; Zhujiang Delta